https://docs.magento.com/m2/ce/user_guide/configuration/scope.html

Scope

If your Magento installation has a hierarchy of websites, stores, or views, you can set the context, or “scope” of a configuration setting to apply to a specific part of the installation. The context of many database entities can also be assigned a specific scope to determine how it is used in the store hierarchy. To learn more, see: Product Scope and Price Scope.

特定の部分に適用する構成の「スコープ」を設定することができます。多くのデータベースのエンティティは特定のスコープに結合されます。

Some configuration settings such as postal code, have a [global] scope because the same value is used throughout the system. The [website] scope applies to any stores below that level in the hierarchy, including all stores and their views. Any item with the scope of [store view] can be set differently for each store view, which is typically used to support multiple languages.

郵便番号等のいくつかの構成は、「グローバル」スコープを持ちます。なぜなら同じ値がシステム全体で使用されるからです。「ウェブサイト」スコープは、そのレベル配下の全ての店舗とビューに適用されます。「ストアビュー」スコープはストアビューごとに異なる設定が可能です。一般には異なる言語のサポート用に使われます。

Unless the store is running in Single Store Mode, the scope of each configuration setting appears in small text below the field label. If your installation includes multiple websites, stores or views, you should always choose the Store View where the settings apply before making any changes.

シングルストアモードで動作しているのでなければ、各設定のスコープは各フィールドのラベルの小さいテキストに表示されます。マルチの場合は、何か変更を行う前にストアビューを選択する必要があります。

Hierarchy of Websites, Stores, and Store Views

• Scope Settings

  SCOPE	DESCRIPTION
  Global	System-wide settings and resources that are available throughout the Magento installation.
  Website	Settings and resources that are limited to the current website. Each website has a default store.
  Store	Settings and resources that are limited to the current store. Each store has a default root category (main menu) and default store view.
  Store View	Setting and resources that are limited to the current store view.